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That spike is at least partly driven by the change in laws:
這種激增至少部分是由法律的變化推動的:
a study of twins living in different states found that legalisation led to a 20% uptick in use.
一項對生活在不同州的雙胞胎的研究發現，大麻合法化導致使用的人數上升了20%。
Meanwhile federal regulation remains tight, making marijuana hard to study.
與此同時，聯邦監管仍然嚴格，使得大麻研究變得困難。
The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 classified weed as a Schedule One drug, just like heroin.
1970年的《管制物質法案》將大麻列為一級毒品，就像海洛因一樣。
Back then it was deemed to have a “high potential for abuse” and no established medical use.
當時，它被認為有“很高的濫用潛力”，而且沒有確定的醫療用途。
Studies from around the world have since shown that marijuana can relieve chronic pain,
來自世界各地的研究表明，大麻可以緩解慢性疼痛，
dull chemotherapy-induced nausea and help treat epilepsy.
化療引起的惡心，并有助于治療癲癇。
Even though in 2019 the World Health Organisation recommended rejigging the categorisation,
盡管世界衛生組織在2019年建議重新分類，
in America this has not been done.
美國卻并沒有這樣做。
That makes it tricky to conduct clinical trials.
這使得進行臨床試驗變得非常棘手。
Labs must be fitted out with elaborate safety equipment
實驗室必須配備精密的安全設備，
for the Drug Enforcement Administration to give its stamp of approval and funding is scarce.
以獲得美國緝毒局的批準，但是資金稀缺。
As more and more Americans light up joints, other grim side-effects could be lurking.
隨著越來越多的美國人吸食大麻，其他可怕的副作用可能暗藏其中。
To clinicians, the downsides for surgery are clear enough to justify changing medical protocols—
對于臨床醫生來說，手術的缺點足以證明改變醫療方案的合理性——
even before more studies come in.
甚至在相關研究出現之前。
In January the American Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine
今年1月，美國區域麻醉和疼痛醫學協會
released guidelines on how to screen patients for marijuana use before surgery.
發布了關于如何在手術前篩查患者是否使用大麻的指導方針。
Pregnant women should be discouraged from smoking weed, the organisation said,
該組織表示，禁止孕婦吸食大麻，
and non-emergency surgeries should be postponed by at least two hours if the patient comes in blitzed.
如果病人在興奮期，非緊急手術應推遲至少兩個小時。
A slew of other new reports warn anaesthesiologists of the mounting risks.
大量其他新報告給麻醉師帶來更多風險警告。
The common perception that marijuana eases nerves works against doctors.
人們普遍認為大麻可以緩解神經緊張，但這對醫生來說是不利的。
Some people seem to be getting stoned before they arrive at the hospital
為了緩解自己的緊張，
in order to calm themselves down.
有些人似乎在到達醫院之前就開始嗑藥了。
New users may be particularly likely to smoke for such a purpose.
新用戶更有可能為了這樣的目的而嗑藥。
For a better experience, patients should forgo the parking-lot hit.
為了獲得更好的手術體驗，病人們不應該在停車場就嗑藥。
Economist readers will now know better.
《經濟學人》的讀者現在能了解更多了。
