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Jointly Upholding True Multilateralism and?Starting a New Journey of Maritime Governance
共同弘揚真正的多邊主義 攜手推進海洋治理新征程
– Remarks by H.E. Wang Yi,?State Councilor and Foreign Minister of?the People's Republic of China, at the Opening Ceremony of?“UNCLOS at 40: Retrospect and Prospect"
——王毅國務委員兼外長在“紀念《聯合國海洋法公約》開放簽署40周年國際研討會”上的開幕致辭
1 September 2022
2022年9月1日
The Honorable Under-Secretary-General Miguel de Serpa Soares, Distinguished Guests, Friends,
尊敬的蘇亞雷斯副秘書長，各位嘉賓，各位朋友：
It is a pleasure to meet you all via video link to mark the 40th anniversary of the opening for signature of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Adopted in 1982, UNCLOS opened a new chapter of global maritime governance, and has greatly helped humanity better understand, protect and utilize the sea.
很高興同大家云端相見，共同紀念《聯合國海洋法公約》開放簽署40周年。1982年，《公約》正式誕生，開啟了全球海洋治理的新篇章，對人類更好認識、保護和利用海洋起到了重要推動作用。
Friends,
各位朋友，
As an extensive legal instrument on maritime affairs, UNCLOS, together with other international treaties and customary international law, constitute the main pillars of the global maritime order in modern times. A review of its conclusion process, purposes and application gives us three main inspirations in addressing today's global maritime issues.
《公約》作為海洋領域的綜合性法律文書，與其他國際條約和習慣國際法一道，共同搭建了現代國際海洋秩序的四梁八柱。重溫《公約》的締約歷程、宗旨目標及履約實踐，對我們應對當前全球海洋問題，具有三大重要啟示。
First, it is important to uphold multilateralism. UNCLOS was concluded by over 160 countries including China through nine years of unremitting efforts of equal-footed consultation and mutual accommodation from 1973 to 1982. It made a set of arrangements to address humanity's common interests as well as the concerns of various types of countries, and thus has been widely accepted by the international community. The Convention entitles coastal States with sovereign rights and jurisdiction in their exclusive economic zones while protecting the lawful freedoms of navigation and overflight of other States in such zones. It provides multiple means for the peaceful settlement of maritime disputes, with full respect for States Parties' own choices of peaceful means. It also established three major regimes, the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, which are useful multilateral platforms for the discussions of and settlement of maritime issues. All these are a result of successful multilateral diplomacy and important outcomes of multilateralism.
一是弘揚多邊主義。從1973年到1982年，包括中國在內的160多個國家，平等磋商、互諒互讓，歷經9年不懈努力，最終達成《公約》?！豆s》立足全人類共同利益，兼顧不同類型國家訴求，達成一攬子安排，獲得國際社會廣泛接受?！豆s》既賦予沿海國在專屬經濟區內的主權權利和管轄權，也保障其他國家合法的航行飛越等自由?！豆s》為和平解決海洋爭端提供多種途徑，充分尊重爭端當事國的自愿選擇?！豆s》還創設了國際海底管理局、大陸架界限委員會、國際海洋法法庭三大機構，為討論和解決海洋問題提供了有益多邊平臺。這些內容，都是多邊外交的成功實踐，也是多邊主義的重要成果。
Second, it is important to promote fairness and justice. China and other developing countries are committed to revising outdated maritime rules and to defending the legitimate rights and interests of all, especially medium and small countries, and have made good progress in these efforts. In its Preamble, UNCLOS stresses the imperative to realize “a just and equitable international economic order which takes into account the interests and needs of mankind as a whole". It established management mechanisms and decision-making procedures concerning the international seabed. This has consolidated, by legal means, the principle of the common heritage of mankind, thus providing an institutional framework to ensure the effective participation of developing countries in matters related to the international seabed. Facts have proved that UNCLOS has been instrumental in opposing maritime hegemony, protecting maritime interests, and promoting maritime cooperation.
二是促進公平正義。中國和廣大發展中國家致力于改變已落后時代的舊海洋規則，積極維護各國特別是中小國家的正當合法權益，取得積極成果?！豆s》開宗明義提出，要“實現公正公平的國際經濟秩序”，“照顧到全人類的利益和需要”?！豆s》確立了國際海底的管理機制和決策程序，以法律形式鞏固了“人類共同繼承財產”原則，為發展中國家有效參與國際海底事務提供了制度保障。事實證明，《公約》為反對海洋霸權，保護海洋權益，促進海洋合作發揮了重要作用。
Third, it is important to stay open-minded and move forward. UNCLOS affirms that "matters not regulated by this convention continue to be governed by the rules and principles of general international law". It also mentions several times that actions should be taken "through competent international organizations" and in compliance with "generally accepted international regulations". This shows that UNCLOS respects other sea-related organizations and international rules. Following the adoption of the Convention, two agreements, one on the international seabed and the other on fish stocks, were concluded. Negotiations on an international agreement on maritime biodiversity are now well underway. All this shows that UNCLOS is not isolated or insulated, but rather inclusive and adjustable. It should keep pace with the times to better adapt to international maritime practices.
三是堅持開放進步?！豆s》清晰載明，“未予規定的事項，應繼續以一般國際法的規則和原則為準據”?！豆s》多次提及“通過主管國際組織”采取行動，要求“符合一般接受的國際規章”，顯示《公約》對其他涉海組織和國際規則的尊重?！豆s》出臺后陸續制定關于國際海底和魚類種群兩份執行協定，目前各方正在談判關于海洋生物多樣性的國際協定。這些都充分表明，《公約》不是自我封閉的“絕緣體”，而是兼收并蓄的“調節器”，應當始終與時俱進，以更好地適應國際海洋實踐。
Friends,
各位朋友，
As a major developing maritime country, China seeks to balance its legitimate rights and interests with the overall interests of the international community, and always stands together with other developing countries. We have participated in the whole process of UNCLOS negotiations, and was among the first countries to sign the Convention. China always honors the spirit of UNCLOS, strictly fulfills its obligations, and fully supports the work of the three major institutions under the Convention. It actively carries out international maritime cooperation, and does its best to help other developing countries with their maritime capacity-building. China firmly defends the integrity and authority of UNCLOS, and opposes attempts at abusing the dispute settlement procedures of the Convention. China always believes that maritime disputes should be settled by the parties directly concerned through friendly consultation on the basis of respecting historical facts and international laws including UNCLOS.
作為發展中海洋大國，中國兼顧自身正當權益與國際社會整體利益，始終與廣大發展中國家站在一起，全程積極參與《公約》談判，是最早簽署《公約》的國家之一。中國一貫恪守《公約》精神，嚴格履行《公約》義務，全力支持《公約》三大機構工作，積極開展海洋國際合作，盡己所能支持其他發展中國家海洋能力建設。中國堅定維護《公約》的完整性和權威性，反對濫用《公約》爭端解決程序。中國一貫主張在尊重歷史事實和包括《公約》在內的國際法基礎上，由直接當事國通過友好協商解決有關海洋爭端。
Friends,
各位朋友，
As we speak, the world is facing once-in-a-century changes that are evolving more rapidly, and the international maritime order is undergoing profound adjustments. At this new historical starting point, we should safeguard firmly the UN-centered international system and the international order underpinned by international law. We should continue to embrace the spirit of multilateralism in UNCLOS, promote the development of international maritime laws including the Convention, and build an equitable and just international maritime order, as part of our collective efforts to usher in a new journey of maritime governance.
當前，世界百年未有之大變局加速演進，國際海洋秩序正在經歷深刻調整。站在新的歷史起點上，我們應堅定維護以聯合國為核心的國際體系和以國際法為基礎的國際秩序，繼續弘揚《公約》體現的多邊主義精神，不斷發展包括《公約》在內的國際海洋法，持續強化公平正義的國際海洋秩序，攜手推進海洋治理新征程。
We need to act as a community with a shared future to promote sustainable development of the sea. We need to pursue the purpose of the Convention to "promote the economic and social advancement of all peoples of the world", and act on the Global Development Initiative proposed by President Xi Jinping. We need to deepen practical maritime cooperation, develop blue partnerships, build a high-quality 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, and fulfill the UN sustainable development goals. We need to tap into the development potential of the sea and turn it into an enduring driving force for sustainable development of all countries.
我們要堅持命運與共，推動海洋可持續發展。秉承《公約》“促進全世界人民經濟和社會發展”的宗旨，落實習近平主席提出的全球發展倡議，深化海上務實合作，發展藍色伙伴關系，高質量共建21世紀海上絲綢之路，促進聯合國可持續發展目標落地生根。充分發揮海洋的開發潛力，努力使海洋成為各國可持續發展的不竭動力。
We need to champion dialogue and consultation to maintain peace and tranquility of the sea. The Global Security Initiative proposed by President Xi Jinping provides China's solutions to global security challenges. We should remain faithful to the Convention's founding aspirations to maintain "peace, justice and progress for all peoples of the world", take coordinated efforts to safeguard both traditional and non-traditional maritime security issues, always settle maritime disputes through peaceful means, and jointly tackle challenges such as piracy and armed robbery against ships. We should uphold "freedom of navigation" and oppose "freedom of willfulness". We should advocate dialogue and consultation, and say no to sabre-rattling. All parties must bear in mind that humanity is an indivisible security community, and all should work together to safeguard maritime peace and tranquility of the world.
我們要堅持對話協商，維護海洋和平安寧。習近平主席提出全球安全倡議，為破解全球安全難題貢獻中國方案。要堅守《公約》“維護和平、正義和全世界人民進步”的初衷，統籌維護海上傳統安全和非傳統安全，堅持以和平方式解決海上爭端，共同應對海盜與武裝劫船等挑戰。要維護“航行自由”，反對“橫行自由”。要倡導對話協商，反對炫耀武力。各方應堅持人類是不可分割的安全共同體，維護全球海洋和平與安寧。
We need to promote international cooperation to preserve the ecological environment of the sea. We need to aim at the goal of the Convention to realize "protection and preservation of the marine environment", act on the philosophy of green development, fulfill environmental protection obligations under the Convention, and advance global cooperation to protect the marine environment. We should prioritize science and technology, take seriously the impact of land activities and climate change on marine environment, and do more to address both the symptoms and root causes. We should strike a balance between preservation and reasonable utilization, and work together to leave clean oceans and blue sky for our future generations.
我們要堅持國際合作，守護海洋生態環境。要牢記《公約》“保護和保全海洋環境”的目標，堅持綠色發展理念，履行《公約》環保義務，推進全球海洋環保合作。要堅持科研先導，重視陸地活動和氣候變化對海洋環境的影響，加強標本兼治。要平衡養護與合理利用，同舟共濟，共同為子孫后代留下碧海藍天。
We need to uphold the international rule of law to improve global maritime governance. The Convention should be interpreted and applied in its entirety, accurately, and in good faith. Any attempt to use UNCLOS as a tool to suppress or smear other countries must be rejected. We need to improve the dispute settlement mechanisms, respect the voluntary choice of the State Parties concerned, and oppose inappropriate expansion or abuse of power by judicial bodies. The UN, the ISA, and the International Maritime Organization should work in coordination to study emerging maritime issues, and make and improve equitable and reasonable international maritime rules that can stand the test of history and reality.
我們要堅持國際法治，完善全球海洋治理。要完整、準確、善意解釋和適用《公約》，反對將《公約》作為對他國進行打壓抹黑的工具。要完善爭端解決機制，堅持當事國自愿原則，反對司法機構不當擴權濫權。要協同發揮聯合國、國際海底管理局、國際海事組織等國際機構作用，研討海洋領域的新問題，制定并完善公平合理、經得起歷史和實踐檢驗的國際海洋規則。
Friends,
各位朋友，
The sea is the common home of humanity, and its protection and sustainable use is the shared responsibility of us all. In sea voyages, the most crucial work is to keep to the right direction. China is ready to work with all parties to uphold the purposes of UNCLOS, deliver its aspirations, and strive for a higher-standard global maritime governance and greater maritime welfare of mankind.
海洋是人類共同的家園，保護和可持續利用海洋是全人類共同的任務。在大海中航行，最關鍵的是要保持正確的航向。中方愿同各方一道，堅守《公約》宗旨，踐行《公約》精神，攜手并進、砥礪前行，為實現更高水平的全球海洋治理、為增進全人類海洋福祉作出更大貢獻。
In conclusion, I wish this conference a full success. Thank you!
最后，預祝研討會圓滿成功。謝謝大家！
